In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:Reviewed by:Greek Athletics and the Olympics by Alan Beale, and: Thinking the Olympics: The Classical Tradition and the Modern Games ed. by Barbara Goff, Michael SimpsonJacques A. BrombergAlan Beale. Greek Athletics and the Olympics. Greece & Rome: Texts and Contexts. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011. iv + 196 pp. Numerous color figs. Paper, $26.Barbara Goff and Michael Simpson, eds. Thinking the Olympics: The Classical Tradition and the Modern Games. (...) London: Bristol Classical Press, 2011. xi + 227 pp. 23 black-and-white figs. Paper, $40.The quadrennial cycle of modern Olympiads has always assured a steady interest in the history of ancient athletics, as participants of all kinds (athletes, officials, and spectators alike) are reminded of the Games’ debts to the ancient Greeks. With the proliferation of undergraduate courses in Classical athletics, sports, and festivals in recent years, however, a growing number of undergraduates are also getting their first glimpses of Greco-Roman antiquity through the stadium door and quickly discovering how different the modern Olympics are from the ancient. The persistent conservatism of the modern Olympics thus presents instructors of undergraduate surveys with the challenge of introducing the festival to an audience that has come to accept the modern as a continuation of the ancient. In two popular histories of the Olympics, for instance, both published in 2004, one may contrast Nigel Spivey’s (The Ancient Olympics [Oxford 2004]: xix) proposed “journey to the strangeness” of Olympia with David Young’s claim (A Brief History of the Olympic Games [Malden, Mass. 2004]: 140) that “our Olympic Games are not so much a revival of the ancient Greek games as a genuine continuation of them.” Although intended for different audiences, the titles under review share the goal of de-familiarizing the Olympics both by emphasizing differences between ancient and modern athletics and by illuminating how an idealized, ancient Greek model has been used to establish and perpetuate the modern Games.There is no shortage of sourcebooks and histories of ancient athletics: Steven G. Miller, Arete: Greek Sports from Ancient Sources (Berkeley, Calif. 2004); Rachel Sargent Robinson, Sources for the History of Greek Athletics (Chicago, Ill. 1955); Waldo E. Sweet, Sport and Recreation in Ancient Greece: A Sourcebook with Translations (Oxford 1987); and William Blake Tyrell, The Smell of Sweat: Greek Athletics, Olympics, and Culture (Wauconda, Ill. 2004), who includes on a companion CD a wider assortment of sources than any printed edition. In keeping with the goals of Cambridge’s Greece and Rome: Texts and Contexts series, Alan Beale’s Greek Athletics and the Olympics offers a combination of texts and illustrations. One need only consider the nature of the evidence to understand [End Page 703] why this approach is not simply valuable, but obligatory: the literary sources are often fragmentary, belated, or anecdotal (or all three), and the material evidence requires detailed and careful exegesis. The challenge of the evidence is compounded by the instinct to read into the modern Olympics continuity rather than innovation. Beale sets out to overcome the “superficial similarities” and re-mystify ancient athletics as something “substantially different from anything in the modern world” (1). In his brief introductions to each source or object, Beale provides the cultural framework into which students may situate texts and images, and he offers questions (many contrasting ancient with modern) aimed at stirring curiosity and facilitating discussion.The opening chapters treat athletics in the Bronze Age and the Homeric epics (chap. 1), outline the ritual origins and growth of competitive athletics at Olympia (chap. 2), and trace the development of the sanctuary and the festival site (chap. 3). Beale is cautious with the examples of Minoan and Mycenaean art (9–12) and quotes generously from both the Iliad (13–19) and Odyssey (19–22), allowing room to observe discrepancies with later athletic practice. Like Robinson (34–35), he supplements Pausanias and Strabo on the first competitions at Olympia with a sample from Pindar, Olympian 10.24–77 (25–26), and instructors who wish to discuss this early history will not find better treatments of these passages elsewhere. Chapter 3 presents the site at Olympia and the administration of the festival, and Beale is to be commended for his... (shrink)

The ethical turn that affects artistic and political practices today should not be interpreted as their subjection to moral criteria. Today, the reign of ethics leads to a growing indistinction between fact and law, between what is and what ought to be, where judgement bows down to the power of the law imposing itself. The radicality of this law is that it leaves no choice, and is nothing but the simple constraint stemming from the order of things. This brings about (...) an unprecedented dramaturgy of infinite evil, justice and redemption that can be traced not only in contemporary politics, but in philosophical reflection and film. (shrink)

Pour Schlick, la tâche de la philosophie de la nature n’est pas de se prononcer sur la validité du principe de causalité, mais de clarifier son sens, par la réduction de la notion de causalité à celle de « nomicité ». Schlick défend une conception de la causalité humienne : la nécessité signifie simplement la régularité. Mais le seul moyen de conserver la nécessité, tout en la définissant par l’universalité, serait de l’identifier à la notion d’universalité non pas quelconque, mais (...) nécessaire. Et le prix à payer pour l’abandon de l’axiome causal, même s’il ne peut être considéré comme présupposition nécessaire, serait très élevé.From Schlick’s point of view, the task of Philosophy of Nature is not to decide about the validity of the causality principle, but to elucidate its meaning, by reducing causality to « nomicity », thus by defuning causality in Humean terms, as a mere regularity. But the only way both to save necessity and to define it by universality would be to identify it, somehow, to a necessary universality. And the price for abandoning the causal axiom would probably be too high. (shrink)

Contre le postulat d'une vérité in abstracto du Contrat social, contre des lectures qui l'envisagent au seul miroir de la tourmente révolutionnaire et minimisent son impact avant 1789, ce livre montre comment dès sa parution en 1762, le Contrat social a été justiciable de lectures diverses, inattendues et opposées au hasard des crises politiques de l'Ancien Régime et des groupes sociaux ou intellectuels concernés: lectures paradoxales des parlementaires, réfutations dévotes, recueils d'extraits qui travaillent sa forme et son sens, utilisation sommaire (...) et sans doute efficace dans les almanachs populaires...Les premières années de la Révolution montreront d'autres investissements du Contrat social autour des débats sur la déclaration des droits, le veto, la contestation même de l'ordre monarchique et lui ouvriront des espaces nouveaux: la presse, les pamphlets, l'écriture de l'évènement...A travers ces exemples répertoriés, une réflexion ici s'organise sur l'idéologie en travail d'une oeuvre vivante, inscrite dans le mouvement, les tensions et les contradictions d'une histoire politique et sociale. (shrink)

Jean-Jacques Rousseau (June 1712? 2 July 1778) was a Genevan philosopher, writer, and composer of 18th-century Romanticism of French expression. His political philosophy influenced the French Revolution as well as the overall development of modern political, sociological, and educational thought.

Nous voudrions proposer ici quelques remarques sur la réflexion qu’Emmanuel Levinas a consacrée à l’œuvre d’art au moment où sa pensée personnelle commençait à tracer avec netteté les voies qui allaient la requérir pendant plusieurs décennies.

Nuclear weapons proliferation is at the top of the news these days. Most recent reports have focused on the nuclear efforts of Iran and North Korea, but they also typically warn that those two acute diplomatic headaches may merely be the harbingers of a much darker future. Indeed, foreign policy sages often claim that what worries them most is not the small arsenals that Tehran and Pyongyang could build for themselves, but rather the potential that their reckless behavior could catalyze (...) a process of runaway nuclear proliferation, international disorder, and, ultimately, nuclear war. (shrink)

No centro do presente artigo está a problemática kierkegaardiana do possível e do impossível, ou seja, a coexistência dos opostos como explicitação do paradoxo, uma das figuras matriciais do Absurdo. Para Kierkegaard, o homem singular vê-se confrontado com o Paradoxo precisamente na medida em que a sua existência não cai sob o domínio da metafísica e do estético. Por outras palavras, o paradoxo invade a existência humana no momento em que se trata do paradoxo absoluto, escândalo para o Judeu, loucura (...) para o Grego, absurdo para a Razão. O artigo mostra, contudo, que antes de se confrontar com o Paradoxo, o existente precisa de aprender a esperar, malgrado o absurdo, na certeza de que tudo é possível a Deus. Porém, a experiência do Paradoxo implica percorrer um caminho prévio. Por outras palavras, é necessário aprender a experimentar a "condensação do possível", seja sob a forma de melancolia seja sob a forma do escrúpulo, de modo a poder desesperar da ideia do possível. Mostra-se assim a capacidade inovadora de Kierkegaard, mesmo sabendo nós que o desespero constitui um tema filosófico clássico já deste a Antiguidade. O que Kierkegaard faz, porém, é colocar em movimento uma dialéctica em que o jogo dos opostos se organiza em diversas figuras precárias, sempre incertas e fluentes e que se escalonam segundo degraus múltiplos de intensidade. Ora é precisamente graças a este jogo de oposições que no pensamento do Solitário de Copenhaga se articulam, ainda que de forma frágil, o finito e o infinito, o temporal e o eterno, a possibilidade e a necessidade. /// At the center of the present article is the kierhegaardian approach to the dialectic of the possible and the impossible, whose co-existence gives evidence to the Paradox, one of the figures of the Absurd. For Kierkegaard, the singular human being finds herself confronted with the Paradox precisely in the measure in which her existence does not fall under the dominion of metaphysics and of the aesthetical. The paradox invades human existence when it becomes absolute, i.e., when for the Jew it becomes Scandal, for the Greek Madness and for Reason the Absurd. The article shows, however, that before confronting itself with Paradox, the existent needs to learn how to hope by virtue of the absurd that everything is possible to God. In fact, the experience of the Absurd must be anteceded by a preparatory way. In other words, it is necessary to learn how to experience a "condensation of the possible", being it under the form of melancholy or under the form of scruple, so that the existent comes to the point of despairing of the very idea of the possible. In this way, the article demonstrates the innovative capacity of Kierkegaard, even if we know that despair constitutes a classical theme in philosophy since Antiquity. But Kierkegaard put into action a dialectic in which the play of the opposites becomes organized in different figures, always uncertain and fluid, which can be ordered in accordance with multiple degrees of intensity. But it is precisely due to this game of oppositions that the thought of the Solitary of Copenhagen comes to articulate, however in a subtle form, the finite and the infinite, the temporal and the eternal, possibility and necessity. (shrink)

Paul Ricœur était un lecteur infatigable et l’on peut s’émerveiller de l’aptitude qu’il avait à prêter une extrême attention aux écrits de nombre de ses contemporains qui ne se réclamaient nullement des axes dans lesquels il aimait inscrire sa propre démarche – la phénoménologie et l’herméneutique –, et dont certains ne se privaient d’ailleurs pas d’afficher...

Dans l'"Avis des éditeurs", on explique en quoi consiste l'intérêt particulier de ce recueil de lettres privées, non destinées à la publication. En plus, on apprend les circonstances grâce auxquelles une partie importante des papiers de Rousseau est entrée à la Bibliothèque de la ville (actuelle Bibliothèque publique et universitaire) de Neuchâtel: "J'entends que tous les papiers manuscrits de Jean-Jacques Rousseau [...] soient recueillis et rassemblées en paquets étiquetés et cachetés, pour être déposés dans une bibliothèque publique bien assurée. (...) Les lettres adressées à moi seront également déposées [...]" (extrait du testament de Pierre-Alexandre Du Peyrou du 22 juillet 1791. "Avis..." p. 16 s.). (shrink)

In this collection of previously unpublished essays Jean-Jacques Nattiez applies his theoretical foundations of musical semiotics to theorists such as Levi-Strauss, Hanslick, and Brailoiu; novelists such as Proust; and poets such as Baudelaire. The author treats problems which musicologists and music lovers alike need to address: the artistic product in music of oral tradition, the nature of musical facts, and questions of fidelity and authenticity in performance practice. Nattiez tackles these perennial issues with an originality born out of his (...) focus on the status of time in the works considered. This approach allows him to take sides, sometimes in a provocative manner, in the ongoing debates which pit adherents of modernity against apologists of postmodernism. (shrink)

Tang Zhen (1630-1704) est l'un des philosophes et écrivains éminents du XVIIe siècle chinois. Sa jeunesse coïncida avec une des périodes les plus sombres et les plus dramatiques de l'histoire chinoise : l'effondrement de la dynastie Ming et la venue au pouvoir des Mandchous. Après une brève carrière officielle (il est sous-préfet au Shanxi en 1671), il redevient simple particulier et vit jusqu'à sa mort dans la misère ; il n'entretient de contacts qu'avec de rares savants de l'époque. En revanche, (...) dans son isolement, il consacre trente ans à la rédaction d'un seul grand ouvrage, le Qianshu, ou Ecrits d'un sage encore inconnu, qui comprend deux groupes d'essais : sur la sagesse, et sur la mise en ordre du monde. Il y rassemble et y condense, dans un style remarquable, les pensées, jugements et réflexions de toute une vie axée sur le perfectionnement moral, l'aspiration à la vérité et à la sérénité. Tempérament entier et intègre, soucieux d'application pratique, il aborde tous les sujets fondamentaux de l'éthique, de la politique, de la philosophie. Longtemps ignoré dans son pays, il n'a été redécouvert qu'au milieu de ce siècle, et sa critique violente de l'absolutisme l'a rendu célèbre. Ses pages passionnées, où la réflexion abstraite se mêle à d'innombrables exemples réalistes, sont attachantes, émouvantes : on y voit un esprit à l'œuvre face au monde ; comme il le dit " l'esprit est une chose merveilleuse ", et le sien, éclairé et souvent proche de celui de nos philosophes des Lumières, travaille pour lui-même, avec fécondité, avec bonheur. L'œuvre de Tang Zhen est traduite (avec tous les éclaircissements nécessaires) pour la première fois dans une langue occidentale. Traduite, dirons-nous, fraternellement, par un esprit proche du sien, à la fois exigeant, sobre, et tolérant : celui du maître de la sinologie française, Jacques Gernet, qui nous propose ici une découverte majeure. (shrink)

This essay enquires into the implications for criminal law of Derrida’s analysis in the Death Penalty seminars. The seminars include a reading of Kant’s Metaphysics of Morals, specifically Kant’s reflections on the sovereign right to punish, which is read in conjunction with the reflections of Freud and Reik on the relation between the unconscious and crime, as well as Nietzsche’s reflections on morality, punishment and cruelty. What comes to the fore in Derrida’s analysis is a system of economic exchange operating (...) on an unconscious level, of which criminal law forms an intrinsic part. Derrida’s analysis of the ‘origin’ of crime in the seminars poses serious questions to the assumption of freedom underlying modern criminal law. The link, which he posits between punishment and political theology, likewise challenges the existing theories and forms of punishment. What the seminars call for, in the name of the Kantian Enlightenment, is a radical break with economic circularity as it operates in respect of crime and punishment. (shrink)

L’objectif de cet article est de faire le point sur le programme de recherche PFC (« Phonologie du français contemporain : usages, variétés et structure »), plus de quinze ans après son lancement et d’illustrer le travail mené dans ce cadre par la question du schwa, phénomène bien connu dans le domaine de la variation phonologique et central à la phonologie du français. Après avoir brièvement présenté le programme, nous abordons la question du schwa en français et expliquons son traitement (...) dans PFC. Nous illustrons ensuite le travail effectué en nous penchant tout d’abord sur les variétés méridionales, que nous opposons aux variétés septentrionales, avant d’aborder la question du schwa dans les variétés suisses romandes. (shrink)

No other area of human activity than science and technology has achieved as much intellectually and in terms of technical innovation. Nevertheless, despite these unchallengeable advances, science and technology do not inevitably lead to moral and social progress for humanity: The dreams of reason may also imply nightmares. As this century draws to a close, the most crucial change is occurring in science and technology policy, altering in particular the special status that science has enjoyed since World War II, affecting (...) the conditions under which academic research is carried out, compelling to more collaborative international research efforts and leading at the same time to growing ethical issues at the forefront of choices in relation to the environment, to the new technologies, and even to scientific research per se. Future generations will observe the twists and turns of history partly because of and partly in spite of these choices. (shrink)

It is frequently said that we are living through the end of politics, the end of social upheavals, the end of utopian folly. Consensual realism is the order of the day. But political realists, remarks Jacques Ranciere, are always several steps behind reality, and the only thing which may come to an end with their dominance is democracy. 'We could', he suggests, 'merely smile at the duplicity of the conclusion/suppression of politics which is simultaneously a suppression/conclusion of philosophy.' This (...) is precisely the task which Ranciere undertakes in these subtle and perceptive essays. He argues persuasively that since Plato and Aristotle politics has always constructed itself as the art of ending politics, that realism is itself utopian, and that what has succeeded the polemical forms of class struggle is not the wisdom of a new millennium but the return of old fears, criminality and chaos. Whether he is discussing the confrontation between Mitterrand and Chirac, French working-class discourse after the 1830 revolution, or the ideology of recent student mobilizations, his aim is to restore philosophy to politics and give politics back its original and necessary meaning: the organization of dissent. (shrink)

This text proposes an evaluation of what remains of cinema in the age of the digital, and of an ever increased circulation between movie theatres and museums. Much has changed in the social and aesthetic status of cinema, at least since the appearance of video art; but cinema, in general, has not disappeared, quite to the contrary, and remains a very important social practice. Two important factors, however, have undergone deep changes: 1°, film no longer has the exclusivity of the (...) moving image, which it has to share with television and contemporary art; 2°, the recent hegemony of the digital image has driven film toward a massive return to the “Méliès path” of film art, that of a direct intervention on the film image. The contention here is that, though the art of film is obviously not what it was, it has kept a number of qualities which still make it the positive reference for any thinking of the moving image in general. The article puts forward three kinds of reasons to support this argument: 1°, cinema has invented a specific way to see moving images, resting on what is termed here the production of a gaze; 2°, time is essential to the film form itself; 3°, film is the only art which has developed an aesthetic of the encounter (with the real) – and the co-presence of these three ranges of value remain absolutely specific. (shrink)

Though Jews are assumed to have a special affinity for atheism, a careful glance at the historical record suggests this hypothesis has yet to be verified. Basic terms in the languages of Judaism that refer to atheists are exceedingly difficult to pinpoint and translate. Instead, the historical sources conspire to severely diminish our ability to conclusively identify Jewish non-believers in the pre-modern and early modern periods. Christian sources pertaining to atheism, although equally difficult to decipher, are far more copious and (...) detailed. At present, it seems safest to say that the first class of self-conscious, socially mobilized Jewish atheists emerged in the post-Marxist ferment of the late nineteenth century and crested in the middle of the twentieth. (shrink)

Marxian Paradoxes of the Commodity He sketches a succinct interpretation of the paradoxical legacy of the Marxian legacy concerning the market. His formal distinction between market and capitalist market. His dialectical, i.e. realistic conception, of both fonctionnal and contradictory relations between market, law and State, between wage-earning and market. And the light this approach throws on the ongoing processes of commodification and on the way the fight goes on.

RésuméOn discute ľapplicabilityé de la convention T de Tarski à une théorie de la signification. A cet effet, deux aspects de la communication sont distingués. ?une part il sembie essentiel de déployer la communication à partir ?un réseau de croyances communes. ?autre part ľessence de la communication est de rendre maximal ľaccord épistémique entre les interlocuteurs. La solution proposé consiste à rappeler qu'avant ?être commune, la croyance a été communiquée dans un contexte privilégié, appelé ici dialogue référentiel. On tire alors (...) les conséquences, ?abord sur la fonction de référence, ensuite sur ľélargissement qu'il faut apporter aux conditions de base ?une théorie de la signification, si ľon veut tenir compte de ce procés de maximisation lui‐même.SummaryIn order to discuss the applicability of Tarski's convention T to a theory of meaning, we have to draw a distinction between two aspects of communication. On the one hand, we have to consider the grounding of communication in a network of common beliefs. On the other hand, and indeed primarily, maximizing the epistemic agreement between locutors is essential to communication. The solution proposed consists in showing that, before becoming common, a belief has to be communicated in a priviledged context, i. e. in a so‐called “referential dialogue”. Consequences are drawn first upon the role of reference, secondly upon the necessary extension of the basic conditions for a theory of meaning, in order to give an account of the maximizing process itself. (shrink)

Réexamen de l'établissement du texte et du sens d'Aristophane, Nuées 1005-1007, où est évoquée la course d'entraînement d'un jeune sportif dans le gymnase de l'Académie avec une couronne sur la tête, à la lumière des études philologiques récentes et des peintures de vases.

La normalisation des échanges sur les réseaux numériques joue un rôle décisif dans la mondialisation en cours. Son élaboration - ici sur l'apprentissage en ligne - requiert à la fois des connaissances issues des sciences de l'information, des sciences de la communication et d'autres disciplines, car les règles qui en résultent produisent de nouveaux alliages faits de rapports sociaux, d'information et de télécommunications.It is clear that standardization plays a decisive role in the ongoing process of globalization. Setting up standards - (...) e. g. online access to learning resources - requires knowledge derived from several disciplines, among them the French disciplinary grouping, "sciences de l'information & de la communication". It is argued that this grouping gathers many of the necessary rules required for the study of this new mix of social relationships, information and telecommunications. (shrink)

Les analyses de la mondialisation procèdent souvent de modes de réflexion qui excluent le principe de non contradiction et conduisent à des hypothèses rigides sur son évolution. La pensée complexe, selon Edgar Morin, ne présente pas cette contrainte et admet, à l’instar de la pensée chinoise stricto sensu, la coexistence de contraires, dont le dynamisme, selon la philosophie taoïste devrait aboutir à l’harmonie. Cela laisse en quelque sorte du jeu, ouvrant ainsi la porte à une pluralité de possibles. Cet article (...) présente quelques-unes des parentés entre pensée complexe et mode de réflexion chinois. Il examine aussi une touche spécifique qu’apporte Edgar Morin, héritée de la pensée grecque. Elle concerne l’accompagnement de ce jeu des contraires, par la démocratie cognitive et communicationnelle, alors que le système de pensée chinois n’intègre pas cette question. Un pont est ainsi jeté entre les modes de pensée de l’Occident et d’Extrême-Orient.Analyzes of globalization often proceed ways of thinking that excludes the principle of non-contradiction and leads to rigid assumptions about its evolution. Complex thought, according to Edgar Morin, does not have this constraint and admits, like Chinese thought, strictly speaking, the coexistence of opposites, whose dynamism, according to Taoist philosophy should lead to harmony. This leaves some sort of game, thus opening the door to a plurality of possibilities. This article presents some of the kinship between complex thought and Chinese way of thinking. It also examines a specific key brings Edgar Morin, inherited from Greek thought. It relates to the accompaniment of this game of opposites, the cognitive and communicative democracy, while the Chinese system of thought does not include this question. A bridge is built between and modes of thought of the West and the Far East. (shrink)

On the basis of the Woodhouse causal axiomatics, we show that conformal proper times and an extra variable in addition to those of space and time, together give a physical justification for the ‘chronometric hypothesis’ of general relativity. Indeed, we show that, with a lack of these latter two ingredients and of this hypothesis, clock paradoxes exist for which the unparadoxical asymmetry cannot be recovered when using the ‘clock and message functions’ only. These proper times originate from a given conformal (...) structure of the spacetime when ascribing different compatible projective structures to each Woodhouse particle, and then, each defines a specific Weylian ‘sheaf structure’. In addition, the proper time parameterizations are defined via path-dependent conformal scale factors, which act like sockets for any kind of physical interaction and also represent the values of the variable associated with the extra dimension. (shrink)

v. 1. Introduction à une métaphysique existentielle.

Chemero's concept of sensorimotor empathy offers a relevant introduction to the study of human/non-human relationships. This article proposes an empirical characterization of this phenomenon occurring in human–horse interactions through the notion of 'contact', which is a core concept in the technical tradition of the equestrian world. According to the assumptions of 4E cognition, we approach the notion of contact with a broader meaning than how it is usually defined, i.e.as the connection of the rider's hand with the horse's mouth. We (...) state that contact involves the whole body and that it is not a passive touch but a dynamic one. Contact is intersubjective, meaning that its quality depends on the two agents of the interaction: the human and the horse. Within such an interaction, sensorimotor empathy allows the human and the horse to understand through the body and to fine-tune with each other to bring about 'good contact'. (shrink)

Physique des phénomènes vibratoires, dynamique des systèmes non linéaires, neurosciences, chronobiologie, chronopharmacologie, psychologie, psychiatrie, poétique, musique danse, sociologie, anthropologie, sciences de l'éducation, économie, histoire, géographie, architecture, urbanisme, constituent une liste non exhaustive des disciplines qui ne peuvent plus faire l'économie de la notion de rythme. Cependant, l'ample diffusion de la notion de rythme dans divers champs de recherches ne signifie pas pour autant que cette notion soit déjà reconnue dans son rôle heuristique, ni qu'elle fonctionne comme un paradigme commun. Prise (...) de manières très diverses, elle manque encore souvent de consistance conceptuelle, au risque parfois de perdre en compréhension ce qu'elle gagne en extension. L'objectif principal de cet ouvrage collectif dirigé par Jean-Jacques Wunenburger (Université Jean Moulin Lyon 3 et Université de Bourgoge) & Julien Lamy (Université Jean Moulin Lyon 3) est de faire un état des lieux des études sur le rythme et de fournir, dans le sillon des travaux de Bachelard, des repères théoriques, à la fois historiques et conceptuels, qui permettront de mieux comprendre la cohérence propre de cette notion complexe, aux significations et aux usages multiples... (shrink)

Pour des raisons souvent historiques, la pensée occidentale moderne a surtout pensé la norme et la loi. Elle a parfois aussi – mais plus rarement – réfléchi sur le principe mais elle a souvent négligé l'exception. Or cette dernière joue un rôle central en droit en ce qu'elle le crée réellement et en tous les sens du terme. Certains auteurs ont tenté de mettre en évidence l'importance de ladite exception mais leur vision a souvent été trop réductrice et l'exception a (...) trop souvent été réduite à l'idée négative de crise. L'auteur de ce travail, juriste et philosophe, après avoir envisagé les différents aspects pris par l'exception en droit et ouvert pour la première fois en philosophie du droit le sens de cette notion, propose ici de définir l'exception comme le hors du commun et de ne tenir vraiment pour exceptionnelles que les "belles" exceptions, à savoir celles qui rendent l'homme meilleur. Un droit ne peut en effet porter dignement ce nom que lorsqu'il aide chacun à devenir plus grand et à se tenir plus droit qu'il ne se tenait avant qu'il soit édicté. Cependant, pour ne pas se réduire aux simples déclarations d'intention, un tel droit ne peut réellement exister que par des beaux gestes – aussi modestes et quotidiens soient-ils – car ce sont eux en effet qui nous donnent chaque jour l'envie de devenir meilleur que nous le sommes et qui créent véritablement le droit. (shrink)

Jean-Michel Beaudet est professeur d’ethnomusicologie à l’Université Paris-Nanterre. Spécialiste de la musique et de la danse amérindienne, il a publié en 1997 Souffles d’Amazonie. Les orchestres tule des Wayãpi, accompagné d’un CD qui restitue les enregistrements pratiqués lors de son séjour auprès des Wayãpi, et en 2010 Nous danserons jusqu’à l’aube. Essai d’ethnologie mouvementée en Amazonie, Paris, CTHS. Plus récemment, il a fait paraître Jouer, danser, boire. Carnets d’ethnographies musicales aux Éditions de l’EHESS, 2017, qui mêle réflexions sur la pratique (...) de l’ethnologie et souvenirs relatifs à son travail de terrain, qu’il conçoit moins comme une étude sur qu’une pratique avec les personnes rencontrées lors de ses différents voyages au Brésil (1975), en Guyane (1977-2023), en Nouvelle-Calédonie (1984-1988) – qui certes n’est pas en Amazonie – puis en Bolivie (1992-1998). (shrink)

With the proliferation of networked electronic communication came daunting capabilities to collect, process, combine and store data, resulting in hitherto unseen transformational pressure on the concepts of trust, security and privacy as we know them. The Future Internet will bring about a world where real life will integrate physical and digital life. Technology development for data linking and mining, together with unseen data collection, will lead to unwarranted access to personal data, and hence, privacy intrusion. Trust and identity lie at (...) the basis of many human interactions and transactions, and societies have developed legitimate concern for privacy being essential for freedom and creativity. The burgeoning development of the Information Society, particularly during the past fifteen years, transcended the societal readiness to respond to the transformational change evoked by ICT. We have reached the eleventh hour for the preservation of trust and privacy as elements that can be transposed into our digital future. Europe has been at the forefront in recognizing the importance of privacy protection in relation to digital data, witness the advanced European legislation in this domain. The European Commission recognizes that appropriate measures need to combine technology development with legal means, user awareness and tools supporting data controllers to comply with law in an accountable and transparent way, and that empower users with a controlling stake in managing their personal data. Activities are underway at many levels. European RTD programmes play their role in supporting research in trustworthy ICT, privacy enhancing technologies, privacy-by-design in service layers as well as in networks, enabling technologies such as cryptography, and in generalized frameworks for trust and privacy-protective identity management. (shrink)

The role of fixed charges present at the surface of biological membranes is usually described by the Gouy-Chapman-Grahame theory of the electric double-layer where the Grahame equation is applied independently on each side of the membrane and where the capacitive charges are disregarded. In this article, we generalize the Gouy-Chapman-Grahame theory by taking into account both intrinsic charges and capacitive charges, in the density value of the membrane surface charges. In the first part, we show that capacitive charges couple electrostatic (...) potentials present on both sides of the membrane. The intensity of this coupling depends both on the value of the membrane specific capacitance and the transmembrane electric potential difference. In the second part, we suggest some physiological implications of membrane electric double-layers. (shrink)

Georg Wilhelm Freidrich Hegel is now recognized as one of the great philosophers; his concept of the dialectic profoundly influenced the course of Western thought, and — particularly through the lens of Marxist philosophy — continues to exert great influence even today. Yet Hegel himself has often been accused of being a philosopher of reaction: on the political sphere the polar opposite of Marx. It was not until the publication of Jacques D'Hondt's Hegel en son temps that the vision (...) of Hegel as a supporter of the oppressive post-Napoleonic regime in Prussia gave way to the realization that Hegel was appointed by the liberal wing of the Prussian bureaucracy, that he frequently was at odds with the reactionary forces, and that he supported many of the leading student activists of his day. Hegel en son temps has previously been translated into German and Italian, but has never before been available in English. Its publication now will be welcomed throughout the English-speaking world by scholars and students alike. (shrink)

This book comprises the second volume of papers presented at the Sixth World congress of the Econometric Society in Barcelona in August 1990. With papers from the world's leading specialists, it gives the reader a unique survey of the most recent advances in economic theory.